Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-enwe ọtụtụ ụdị ihe na-eme ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-adị n'ahịa, ọkachasị ngwaahịa silicone na polyurethane.Ụdị ihe nrịbama dị iche iche nwere ọdịiche dị n'otu ọrụ ha na-arụ ọrụ ma gwọọ usoro agbụ isi.N'ihi ya, enwere oke ma ọ bụ karịa na akụkụ ya na mpaghara ya.N'ebe a, anyị na-ewebata usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ọtụtụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-emekarị ma jiri uru na ọghọm dị iche iche nke ihe mkpuchi na-agbanwe agbanwe, iji mee ka nghọta anyị dịkwuo omimi ma mee nhọrọ kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwa bara uru.
1. Otu akụkụ nke na-emeghachi ihe na-agbanwe ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe usoro ọgwụgwọ
Ndị na-ahụ maka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke otu akụkụ na-agụnye: silicone (SR), polyurethane (PU), polyurethane silyl-treminated modified polyurethane (SPU), polyether silyl-treminated (MS), Prepolymer nwere ụdị ọrụ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ na usoro mmeghachi omume ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche.
1.1Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke silicone elastomer sealant
Ọgụgụ 1. Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke silicone sealant
Mgbe a na-eji silicone sealants, prepolymer na-emeghachi omume na oke mmiri dị n'ikuku wee gbasie ike ma ọ bụ vulcanizes n'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe mkpali.Ihe ndị a na-emepụta bụ obere ihe molekụla.E gosipụtara usoro ahụ na eserese 1. Dị ka obere ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche a na-ewepụta n'oge ọgwụgwọ, a pụkwara kewaa silicone sealant n'ụdị deacidification, ụdị deketoxime, na ụdị dealcoholization.A chịkọtara uru na ọghọm dị n'ụdị gluu silicone ndị a na tebụl 1.
Isiokwu 1.Comparison nke uru na ọghọm dị iche iche nke silicone adhesives
1.2 Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke polyurethane elastic sealant
Otu akụkụ nke polyurethane sealant (PU) bụ ụdị polymer nwere akụkụ urethane ugboro ugboro (-NHCOO-) n'ime agbụ isi nke molekul.Usoro ọgwụgwọ bụ na isocyanate na-emeghachi mmiri iji mepụta carbamate etiti na-adịghị akwụsi ike, nke na-eme ngwa ngwa decomposes iji mepụta CO2 na amine, mgbe ahụ amine na-emeghachi omume na oke isocyanate na usoro ahụ, ma mesịa mepụta elastomer nwere usoro netwọk.Usoro mmeghachi omume ọgwụgwọ ya bụ nke a:
Ọgụgụ 1.Curing mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume nke polyurethane sealant
1.3 Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke silane-gbanwetụrụ polyurethane sealant
Ọgụgụ 3. Usoro mmeghachi omume na-agwọ ọrịa nke silane-gbanwere polyurethane sealant
N'ihi ụfọdụ adịghị ike nke polyurethane sealants, polyurethane ka agbanweela n'oge na-adịbeghị anya site na silane iji kwadebe adhesives, na-emepụta ụdị ọhụrụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi nke nwere isi ihe nhazi nke polyurethane na otu njedebe alkoxysilane, nke a na-akpọ silane-modified polyurethane sealant (SPU).Mmeghachi omume ọgwụgwọ nke ụdị sealant a yiri nke silicone, ya bụ, ndị otu alkoxy na-emeghachi omume na mmiri iji nweta hydrolysis na polycondensation iji mepụta usoro netwọkụ nke Si-O-Si kwụsiri ike (Njirimara 3).Isi ihe na-ejikọta netwọk netwọk na n'etiti ebe a na-ejikọta ya bụ akụkụ nke polyurethane na-agbanwe agbanwe.
1.4 Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke silyl kwụsịrị polyether sealants
silyl-treminated polyether sealant (MS) bụ otu ihe na-agbanwe ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe dabere na mgbanwe silane.Ọ na-ejikọta uru nke ma polyurethane na silicone, bụ ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ngwaahịa nrapado sealant, na-enweghị PVC, mmanụ silicone, isocyanate na ihe mgbaze.MS nrapado reacts na mmiri na ikuku na ụlọ okpomọkụ, nke mere na silanized polymer na-Si (OR) OR -SIR (OR) - Ọdịdị na-hydrolyzed na yinye ọgwụgwụ na cross-jikọrọ n'ime elastomer na Si-O- Si netwọk Ọdịdị iji nweta akara na bonding mmetụta.Usoro mmeghachi omume ọgwụgwọ bụ nke a:
Ọgụgụ 4. Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke silyl kwụsịrị polyether sealant
2. Tụnyere uru na ọghọm dị n'otu akụkụ nke reactive elastic sealants nkịtị.
2.1 Uru na adịghị ike nke silicone sealants
⑴ Uru nke silicone sealant:
① Mma ihu igwe na-eguzogide, ikuku oxygen, ozone eguzogide na ultraviolet iguzogide;② Ezi mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị ala.
⑵ Ọdịmma nke silicone sealant:
① Ndozi ndozi na-adịghị mma na enweghị ike ịse ya;②Anya mmiri dị ala;③ Enweghi oke mmanu mmanu;④ Ọ naghị egbochi ịkụ ọkpọ;⑤Okwa nrapado na-amịpụta leachate mmanu n'ụzọ dị mfe nke na-emerụ ihe, nkume na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma.
2.2 Uru na Ọdịmma nke Polyurethane Sealants
Uru nke polyurethane sealant:
① Ezi nrapanye dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ;② Mgbanwe dị mma nke obere okpomọkụ;③ Ezi elasticity na ihe mgbake dị mma, nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka nkwonkwo ike;④ Ike igwe dị elu, nkwụsi ike na-eyi nke ọma, nguzogide mmanụ na mgbochi ịka nká;⑤ Ọtụtụ otu akụkụ mmiri na-agwọ polyurethane sealants enweghị ihe mgbaze na enweghị mmetọ na mkpụrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi;⑥ E nwere ike ịse elu nke sealant ma dị mfe iji.
⑵ Ọdịmma nke polyurethane sealant:
① Mgbe a na-agwọ ya na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu na oke iru mmiri na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa, a na-emepụta egosipụta ngwa ngwa, nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke sealant;② Mgbe ị na-ejikọta na akara nke ihe ndị na-adịghị porous (dị ka iko, metal, wdg), a na-achọkarị primer;③ Na-emighị emi Ụdị agba nwere ike ịdaba na ịka nká UV, na nkwụsi ike nchekwa nke gluu na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na nkwakọ ngwaahịa na ọnọdụ mpụga;④ The okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na ịka nká bụ ubé ezughi oke.
2.3 Uru na ọghọm dị na silane-modified polyurethane sealants
⑴ Uru nke silane gbanwetụrụ polyurethane sealant:
① Ịgwọ ọrịa anaghị emepụta afụ;② Nwere ezigbo mgbanwe, nguzogide hydrolysis na nkwụsi ike nke kemịkalụ;③ Nguzogide ihu igwe dị mma, nguzogide okpomọkụ, iguzogide ịka nká, nkwụsi ike nchekwa ngwaahịa;④ Mgbanwe zuru oke na mkpụrụ, mgbe ejikọtara ọnụ, ọ nweghị primer achọrọ;⑤ Enwere ike ịse elu elu.
⑵ Ọdịmma nke silane gbanwere polyurethane sealant:
① Nguzogide UV adịghị mma dị ka nke silicone sealant;② Mgbochi anya mmiri dị ntakịrị njọ karịa nke polyurethane sealant.
2.4 Uru na mwepu nke silyl kwụsịrị polyether sealants
⑴ Uru nke silyl kwụsịrị polyether sealant:
① Ọ nwere ọmarịcha njikọ chiri anya na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ma nwee ike nweta njikọ mmeghe na-enweghị primer;② Ọ nwere nguzogide okpomọkụ dị mma na mgbochi ịka nká nke UV karịa polyurethane nkịtị;③ Enwere ike ịse ya n'elu ya.
⑵ Ọdịmma nke silyl kwụsịrị polyether sealant:
① Nguzogide ihu igwe adịghị mma dị ka nke silicone silicone, na mgbawa na-apụta n'elu mgbe ịka nká;② Adhesion na iko adịghị mma.
Site na okwu mmeghe a dị n'elu, anyị nwere nghọta mbụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ọtụtụ ụdị ihe na-eme ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-arụ ọrụ, na site n'ịtụle uru na ọghọm ha, anyị nwere ike nweta nghọta zuru oke nke ngwaahịa ọ bụla.N'ime ngwa bara uru, enwere ike ịhọrọ akara akara dịka ọnọdụ ngwa ngwa nke akụkụ njikọ aka iji nweta ezigbo akara ma ọ bụ njikọ nke akụkụ ngwa ahụ.
Oge nzipu: Nov-15-2023