Ugbu a, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ihe mkpuchi elastic reactive nke otu ihe mejupụtara na-emekarị n'ahịa, ọkachasị ngwaahịa silicone na polyurethane. Ụdị ihe mkpuchi elastic dị iche iche nwere ọdịiche dị na otu ọrụ ha na usoro agbụ ígwè ha siri ike. N'ihi ya, enwere ọtụtụ mmachi na akụkụ na ubi ya ndị dabara adaba. N'ebe a, anyị na-ewebata usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ọtụtụ ihe mkpuchi elastic reactive nke otu ihe mejupụtara na-emekarị ma tụnyere uru na ọghọm nke ụdị ihe mkpuchi elastic dị iche iche, ka nghọta anyị wee mee nhọrọ kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwa bara uru.
1. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ihe mkpuchi elastic reactive nke otu akụkụ a na-ahụkarị
Ihe mkpuchi elastic nke otu ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke a na-ahụkarị gụnyere: silicone (SR), polyurethane (PU), polyurethane agbanweela silyl (SPU), polyether silyl (MS), prepolymer ahụ nwere otu ọrụ dị iche iche na usoro mmeghachi omume dị iche iche.
1.1Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ihe mkpuchi silicone elastomer
Foto 1. Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ihe mkpuchi silicone
Mgbe ejiri ihe mkpuchi silicone mee ihe, prepolymer ahụ na-emeghachi omume na obere mmiri dị n'ikuku wee sie ike ma ọ bụ na-eme ka ọ dị njọ n'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe na-akpali akpali. Ihe ndị na-esi na ya pụta bụ obere ihe ndị dị na molekul. E gosiri usoro a na Foto 1. Dịka obere ihe dị iche iche a na-ewepụta n'oge a na-agwọ ọrịa silikon, enwere ike kewaa ihe mkpuchi silicone n'ụdị deacidification, ụdị deketoxime, na ụdị dealcoholization. Uru na ọghọm nke ụdị gluu silicone ndị a dị na Tebụl 1.
Tebụl 1. Ntụnyere uru na ọghọm nke ọtụtụ ụdị ihe njikọta silicone
1.2 Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane elastic
Ihe mkpuchi polyurethane nke otu akụkụ (PU) bụ ụdị polima nwere akụkụ urethane na-emegharị ugboro ugboro (-NHCOO-) n'ime usoro isi nke molekul ahụ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ bụ na isocyanate na-emeghachi omume na mmiri iji mepụta carbate etiti na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, nke na-agbaze ngwa ngwa iji mepụta CO2 na amine, wee meghachi omume na isocyanate gabigara ókè na sistemụ ahụ, wee mechaa mepụta elastomer nwere nhazi netwọk. Usoro mmeghachi omume ọgwụgwọ ya bụ dị ka ndị a:
Foto 1. Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane
1.3 Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane nke silane gbanwere
Foto nke 3. Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane nke silane gbanwere
N'ihi ụfọdụ adịghị ike nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane, a gbanweela polyurethane n'oge na-adịbeghị anya site na silane iji kwadebe ihe nrapado, na-emepụta ụdị ihe nrapado mkpuchi ọhụrụ nwere usoro polyurethane bụ isi na otu njedebe alkoxysilane, nke a na-akpọ silane-modified polyurethane sealant (SPU). Mmeghachi omume ọgwụgwọ nke ụdị ihe nrapado a yiri nke silicone, ya bụ, otu alkoxy na-emeghachi omume na mmiri iji nweta hydrolysis na polycondensation iji mepụta usoro netwọk Si-O-Si kwụsiri ike (Foto 3). Isi ihe njikọ netwọk na n'etiti isi ihe njikọ bụ usoro akụkụ polyurethane na-agbanwe agbanwe.
1.4 Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ihe mkpuchi polyether nke silily kwụsịrị
Ihe mkpuchi polyether silyl nke a na-akpọ polyether sealant (MS) bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke otu ihe mejupụtara ya dabere na mgbanwe silane. Ọ na-ejikọta uru nke ma polyurethane na silicone, ọ bụkwa ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ngwaahịa ihe mkpuchi nrapado, nke na-enweghị PVC, mmanụ silicone, isocyanate na ihe mgbaze. Ihe mkpuchi MS na-emeghachi omume na mmiri dị n'ikuku n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụlọ, nke mere na a na-eme ka polymer silanized nwere nhazi -Si(OR) OR -SIR (OR)- dị na njedebe yinye ma jikọta ya na elastomer na nhazi netwọk Si-O-Si iji nweta mmetụta mkpuchi na njikọ. Usoro mmeghachi omume ọgwụgwọ bụ dị ka ndị a:
Foto nke 4. Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ihe mkpuchi polyether nke silily kwụsịrị
2. Ntụnyere uru na ọghọm nke ihe mkpuchi elastic reactive otu-component nkịtị
2.1 Uru na ọghọm nke ihe mkpuchi silicone
⑴Uru nke ihe mkpuchi silicone:
① Ezigbo iguzogide ihu igwe, iguzogide ikuku oxygen, iguzogide ozone na iguzogide ultraviolet; ② Ezigbo mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị ala.
⑵Ọdịghị mma nke ihe mkpuchi silicone:
①Achọ mma ọzọ nke ọma, enweghịkwa ike ịse ya agba; ②Adịghị ike ndọda; ③Enweghị ike iguzogide mmanụ zuru oke; ④Anaghị egbochi ịpịa ya; ⑤Akwa nrapado ahụ na-emepụta nsị mmanụ nke na-emerụ simenti, nkume na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma.
2.2 Uru na ọghọm nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane
⑴Uru nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane:
① Ezigbo nrapado na ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'elu; ② Ezigbo mgbanwe dị ala na okpomọkụ; ③ Ezigbo nrapado na ihe ndị dị mma maka mgbake, dabara maka nkwonkwo ike; ④ Ike igwe dị elu, nguzogide iyi dị mma, nguzogide mmanụ na nguzogide ịka nká nke bayoloji; ⑤ Ọtụtụ ihe mkpuchi polyurethane na-agwọ mmiri na-enweghị ihe mgbaze ma enweghị mmetọ na substrate na gburugburu ebe obibi; ⑥ Enwere ike ịse elu nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ ma dị mfe iji.
1. Ihe ọghọm nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane:
① Mgbe a na-agbaze n'ebe dị oke okpomọkụ na oke iru mmiri n'ọsọ ọsọ, a na-emepụta afụfụ ngwa ngwa, nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ; ② Mgbe a na-ejikọta ma na-emechi ihe ndị dị na ihe ndị na-abụghị oghere (dịka iko, ígwè, wdg), a na-achọkarị praịma; ③ Oyighị Acha Usoro agba ahụ na-adị mfe ịka nká site na UV, a na-emetụtakwa nkwụsi ike nchekwa nke gluu nke ukwuu site na nkwakọ ngwaahịa na ọnọdụ mpụga; ④ Nguzogide okpomọkụ na iguzogide ịka nká ezughị ezu.
2.3 Uru na ọghọm nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane nke silane gbanwere
⑴Uru nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane nke silane gbanwere:
① Ịgwọ ọrịa anaghị emepụta afụfụ; ② Nwere ezigbo mgbanwe, iguzogide hydrolysis na nkwụsi ike iguzogide kemịkal; ③ Ọ dị mma iguzogide ihu igwe, iguzogide okpomọkụ, iguzogide ịka nká, nkwụsi ike nchekwa ngwaahịa; ④ Ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe na ihe ndị dị n'okpuru ala, mgbe ejikọtara ya. N'ozuzu, ọ dịghị mkpa ka e see praịmarị; ⑤A pụrụ ịse elu ya.
⑵Ọdịghị mma nke ihe mkpuchi polyurethane nke silane gbanwere:
① Nguzogide UV adịghị mma dịka nke mkpuchi silicone; ② Nguzogide ịdọ aka dị ntakịrị njọ karịa nke mkpuchi polyurethane.
2.4 Uru na ọghọm nke ihe mkpuchi polyether nke silily kwụsịrị
⑴Uru nke ihe mkpuchi polyether nke silil kwụsịrị:
① O nwere ezigbo ihe jikọrọ ya na ọtụtụ ihe ndị e ji mee ihe ma nwee ike inweta njikọ na-enweghị primer; ② O nwere ike iguzogide okpomọkụ na iguzogide ịka nká UV karịa polyurethane nkịtị; ③ Enwere ike ịse ya n'elu ya.
1. Ihe ọghọm nke ihe mkpuchi polyether nke silily kwụsịrị:
① Nguzogide ihu igwe adịghị mma dịka nke silicone silicone, mgbawa na-apụtakwa n'elu mgbe ọ kachara nká; ② Nrapado na iko adịghị mma.
Site na okwu mmeghe dị n'elu, anyị nwere nghọta mbụ banyere usoro ọgwụgwọ nke ọtụtụ ụdị ihe mkpuchi elastic reactive nke otu ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe, sitekwa n'ịtụnyere uru na ọghọm ha, anyị nwere ike nweta nghọta zuru oke nke ngwaahịa ọ bụla. N'ọrụ bara uru, enwere ike ịhọrọ ihe mkpuchi ahụ dịka ọnọdụ ngwa nke akụkụ njikọ ahụ si dị iji nweta ezigbo mkpuchi ma ọ bụ njikọ nke akụkụ ngwa ahụ.
Oge ozi: Nọvemba-15-2023