1, Uru Hydroxyl: 1 gram polymer polyol nwere hydroxyl (-OH) ego ya na ọnụọgụ milligrams nke KOH, unit mgKOH/g.
2, Dakọtara: nkezi arọ molekụla nke otu na-arụ ọrụ.
3, Ọdịnaya Isocyanate: ọdịnaya nke isocyanate na molekul
4, Isocyanate index: na-egosi ogo nke oke isocyanate na usoro polyurethane, nke mkpụrụedemede R na-anọchi anya ya.
5. Chain extender: Ọ na-ezo aka ala molekul arọ alcohols na amines nwere ike ịgbatị, gbasaa ma ọ bụ mepụta oghere netwọk crosslinks nke molekụla agbụ.
6. Nkebi siri ike: Akụkụ nke a na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume nke isocyanate, chain extender na crosslinker na isi ihe nke polyurethane molecules, na ìgwè ndị a nwere nnukwu ike nchikota, nnukwu ohere ohere na nnukwu siri ike.
7, Akụkụ dị nro: carbon carbon isi yinye polymer polyol, mgbanwe dị mma, na polyurethane isi yinye maka akụkụ agbụ na-agbanwe agbanwe.
8, Otu nzọụkwụ usoro: na-ezo aka na oligomer polyol, diisocyanate, yinye extender na catalyst agwakọta n'otu oge mgbe kpọmkwem injection n'ime ebu, na a ụfọdụ okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ ịkpụzi usoro.
9, Usoro Prepolymer: Mbụ oligomer polyol na diisocyanate prepolymerization mmeghachi omume, na-emepụta njedebe NCO dabeere polyurethane prepolymer, wụsara na mgbe ahụ prepolymer mmeghachi omume na yinye extender, nkwadebe nke polyurethane elastomer usoro, na-akpọ prepolymer usoro.
10, Usoro nke ọkara-prepolymer: ọdịiche dị n'etiti usoro ọkara-prepolymer na usoro prepolymer bụ na a na-agbakwunye akụkụ nke polyester polyol ma ọ bụ polyether polyol na prepolymer n'ụdị ngwakọta na yinye extender, catalyst, wdg.
11, Reaction injection molding: A makwaara dị ka Reaction Injection Molding RIM (Reaction Injection Molding), a na-atụ ya site na oligomers nwere obere ihe dị arọ n'ụdị mmiri mmiri, gwakọta ya ozugbo ma tinye ya n'ime ihe n'otu oge ahụ, yana mmeghachi omume ngwa ngwa na nke ahụ. oghere ebu, ịdị arọ molekụla nke ihe na-abawanye ngwa ngwa. Usoro maka imepụta polymer ọhụrụ kpamkpam nwere ụdị njirimara ọhụrụ na oke oke ọsọ.
12, Foaming index: ya bụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụkụ mmiri eji na 100 akụkụ nke polyether ka akọwara dị ka ụfụfụ index (Ọ BỤRỤ).
13, mmeghachi omume ụfụfụ: na-ezo aka na mmeghachi omume nke mmiri na isocyanate iji mepụta urea nọchiri anya ma hapụ CO2.
14, Gel mmeghachi omume: n'ozuzu na-ezo aka guzobe nke carbamate mmeghachi omume.
15, Gel oge: n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ihe mmiri mmiri na-emepụta gel chọrọ oge.
16, Oge mmiri ara ehi: na njedebe nke mpaghara m, ihe ngosi milky na-apụta na ngwakọta polyurethane mmiri mmiri. A na-akpọ oge a oge ude na ọgbọ nke ụfụfụ polyurethane.
17, Ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasawanye nke agbụ: na-ezo aka na ọnụọgụ nke amino na hydroxyl dị iche iche (nkeji: mo1) n'ime ihe ndọtị nke yinye (gụnyere ihe ndọtị agwakọta) na ọnụọgụ NCO na prepolymer, ya bụ, nọmba mole. (ọnụọgụ dakọtara) oke nke otu hydrogen nọ n'ọrụ ruo NCO.
18, Low unsaturation polyether: tumadi maka PTMG mmepe, PPG price, unsaturation belata na 0.05mol / kg, nso na arụmọrụ nke PTMG, iji DMC catalyst, isi dịgasị iche iche nke Bayer Acclaim usoro ngwaahịa.
19, Amonia ester grade mgbaze: mmepụta nke polyurethane ihe mgbaze iji tụlee ike mgbasa, ọnụego volatilization, ma mmepụta nke polyurethane eji na ihe mgbaze, kwesịrị ilekwasị anya na-eburu n'uche NC0 dị arọ na polyurethane. Enweghị ike ịhọrọ ihe mgbaze dị ka alcohols na ether alcohols na-emeghachi omume na otu NCO. Ihe mgbaze enweghị ike ịnwe ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha dị ka mmiri na mmanya na-aba n'anya, ọ nweghịkwa ike ịnwe ihe ndị alkali, nke ga-eme ka polyurethane dịkwuo njọ.
A naghị anabata ihe mgbaze ester ka ọ nwee mmiri, ọ gaghị enwekwa acid na mmanya n'efu, nke ga-emeghachi omume na otu NCO. Ihe mgbaze ester eji na polyurethane kwesịrị ịbụ "amonia ester grade solvent" na ịdị ọcha dị elu. Ya bụ, ihe mgbaze na-emeghachi omume na oke isocyanate, mgbe ahụ, a na-ekpebi ọnụọgụ isocyanate na-emeghị eme na dibutylamine iji nwalee ma ọ dị mma maka ojiji. Ụkpụrụ bụ na oriri nke isocyanate adịghị adabara, n'ihi na ọ na-egosi na mmiri dị na ester, mmanya na-aba n'anya, acid atọ ga-eri ọnụ ahịa zuru oke nke isocyanate, ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gram nke ihe mgbaze chọrọ iji rie otu leqNCO, na-egosipụta. uru bụ ezigbo nkwụsi ike.
A naghị eji Isocyanate nke na-erughị 2500 mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbaze polyurethane.
Polarity nke ihe mgbaze nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmeghachi omume nke nhazi resin. Ka polarity na-abawanye, ka mmeghachi omume na-adị nwayọọ, dị ka toluene na methyl ethyl ketone dị iche nke ugboro 24, polarity molecule a na-agbaze dị ukwuu, nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen na mmanya hydroxyl otu ma mee ka mmeghachi omume ahụ dị ngwa.
Polychlorinated ester mgbaze ka mma ịhọrọ aromatic mgbaze, ha ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa karịa ester, ketone, dị ka xylene. Ojiji nke ester na ketone solvents nwere ike ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ nke polyurethane nke nwere ngalaba abụọ n'oge a na-ewu ụlọ. Na mmepụta nke mkpuchi, nhọrọ nke "amonia-grade solvent" nke a kpọtụrụ aha na mbụ bara uru na ndị na-edozi ihe echekwara.
Ester solvents nwere ike solubility, agafeghị oke volatilization ọnụego, ala toxicity na-eji ihe ọzọ, cyclohexanone na-ejikwa ihe ọzọ, hydrocarbon solvents nwere ala siri ike igbasa ike, obere ojiji naanị, na ọzọ ojiji na ihe mgbaze ndị ọzọ.
20, Onye na-ahụ maka ịfụ anụ ahụ: onye na-afụ ụfụ anụ ahụ bụ ụfụfụ ụfụfụ na-emepụta site na mgbanwe nke ọdịdị anụ ahụ nke ihe, ya bụ, site na mgbasawanye nke gas na-ejikọta, mgbanwe nke mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ mgbasa nke siri ike.
21, Ihe ndị na-afụ ọkụ kemịkalụ: ndị na-afụ kemịkalụ bụ ndị nwere ike ịhapụ gas dị ka carbon dioxide na nitrogen mgbe ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na-etolite pores dị mma na ngwakọta polymer nke ogige ahụ.
22, Ntugharị anụ ahụ: enwere ụfọdụ ụdọ siri ike na ụdọ dị nro nke polymer, na yinye siri ike nwere otu ihe anụ ahụ dị ka rọba vulcanized mgbe ọ na-agafe kemịkalụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ n'okpuru ebe nro ma ọ bụ agbaze.
23, Chemical crosslinking: na-ezo aka usoro nke ijikọ nnukwu molekul chains site chemical agbụ n'okpuru edinam nke ìhè, okpomọkụ, elu-ike radieshon, n'ibu ike, ultrasound na crosslinking mmadụ na-etolite a netwọk ma ọ bụ udi Ọdịdị polymer.
24, Foaming index: ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụkụ mmiri kwekọrọ na 100 akụkụ nke polyether ka akọwara dị ka ụfụfụ index (Ọ BỤRỤ).
25. Kedu ụdị isocyanates a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'usoro nhazi?
A: Aliphatic: HDI, alicyclic: IPDI,HTDI,HMDI, aromatic: TDI,MDI,PAPI,PPDI,NDI.
26. Kedu ụdị isocyanates ka a na-ejikarị? Dee usoro nhazi
A: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane-4,4 '-diisocyanate (MDI), polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate (PAPI), liquefied MDI, hexamethylene-diisocyanate (HDI).
27. Pụtara nke TDI-100 na TDI-80?
A: TDI-100 mejupụtara toluene diisocyanate na usoro 2,4; TDI-80 na-ezo aka ngwakọta nke nwere 80% toluene diisocyanate nke usoro 2,4 na 20% nke usoro 2,6.
28. Gịnị bụ àgwà nke TDI na MDI na njikọ nke ihe polyurethane?
A: Reactivity maka 2,4-TDI na 2,6-TDI. The reactivity nke 2,4-TDI bụ ọtụtụ ugboro elu karịa nke 2,6-TDI, n'ihi na 4-ọnọdụ NCO na 2,4-TDI dị anya site na 2-ọnọdụ NCO na methyl otu, na e nwere fọrọ nke nta ka. enweghị nguzogide siri ike, ebe NCO nke 2,6-TDI na-emetụta mmetụta siri ike nke otu ortho-methyl.
Ndị otu NCO abụọ nke MDI dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ nweghị ihe nnọchi anya, yabụ ọrụ nke NCO abụọ ahụ dị oke. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na otu NCO na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume ahụ, ọrụ nke NCO fọdụrụnụ na-ebelata, ọrụ ahụ ka na-adịkarịkwa n'ozuzu ya. Ya mere, mmeghachi omume nke MDI polyurethane prepolymer buru ibu karịa nke TDI prepolymer.
29.HDI, IPDI, MDI, TDI, NDI kedu nke nguzogide na-acha odo odo ka mma?
A: HDI (bụ nke diisocyanate na-acha odo odo na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe), IPDI (nke polyurethane resin nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike na nguzogide kemịkalụ, nke a na-ejikarị emepụta resin polyurethane na-adịghị agba agba).
30. Ebumnuche nke mgbanwe MDI na usoro mgbanwe nkịtị
A: Liquefied MDI: Nzube gbanwere: Liquefied dị ọcha MDI bụ MDI a na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke na-emeri ụfọdụ ntụpọ nke MDI dị ọcha (siri ike na ọnụ ụlọ okpomọkụ, na-agbaze mgbe ejiri ya, otutu ikpo ọkụ na-emetụta arụmọrụ), ma na-enyekwa ihe ndabere maka oke dị iche iche. nke mgbanwe maka mmelite na nkwalite nke arụmọrụ nke ihe polyurethane dabeere na MDI.
Ụzọ:
① urethane gbanwere MDI liquefied.
② carbodiimide na uretonimine gbanwetụrụ MDI liquefied.
31. Kedu ụdị polyols polymer na-ejikarị eme ihe?
A: Polyester Polyol, Polyether Polyol
32. Kedu ụzọ mmepụta mmepụta ihe dị maka polyester polyols?
A: Usoro ịgbaze oghere B, usoro ịgbaze gas na-ebu C, usoro distillation azeotropic
33. Gịnị bụ ihe owuwu pụrụ iche na ọkpụkpụ azụ nke polyester na polyether polyols?
A: Polyester polyol: Ngwakọta mmanya na-egbu egbu macromolecular nwere otu ester na ọkpụkpụ azụ na otu hydroxyl (-OH) na njedebe ikpeazụ. Polyether polyols: Polymers ma ọ bụ oligomers nwere ether bonds (-O-) na njedebe njedebe (-Oh) ma ọ bụ otu amine (-NH2) n'ime ọkpụkpụ azụ nke molekul.
34. Kedu ụdị polyether polyols dị ka njirimara ha si dị?
A: Polyether polyols na-arụsi ọrụ ike, polyether polyols nke anyadokwa, polyether polyols na-ere ọkụ, polyether polyols heterocyclic gbanwetụrụ, polytetrahydrofuran polyols.
35. Kedu ụdị polyether nkịtị dị ka onye mbido si kwuo?
A: Polyoxide propylene glycol, polyoxide propylene triol, ike afụ polyether polyol, obere unsaturation polyether polyol.
36. Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti polyethers hydroxy-treminated na amine-treminated polyethers?
Aminoterminated polyethers bụ polyoxide allyl ethers nke otu amine dochie njedebe hydroxyl.
37. Kedu ụdị polyurethane catalysts na-ejikarị eme ihe? Kedu ụdị ndị a na-ejikarị agụnye?
A: Amine catalysts nke atọ, ụdị ndị a na-ejikarị bụ: triethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, n-methylmorpholine, N, n-dimethylcyclohexamine.
Ngwakọta alkyl ọla, ụdị ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ: organotin catalysts, nwere ike kewaa n'ime octoate siri ike, stannous oleate, dibutyltin dilaurate.
38. Kedu ihe a na-ejikarị polyurethane chain extenders ma ọ bụ crosslinkers?
A: Polyols (1, 4-butanediol), alicyclic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, diamines, mmanya amines (ethanolamine, diethanolamine)
39. Usoro mmeghachi omume nke isocyanates
A: Mmeghachi omume nke isocyanates na-arụ ọrụ hydrogen ogige bụ n'ihi na nucleophilic center nke na-arụ ọrụ hydrogen compound molecule na-awakpo NCO dabeere carbon atom. Usoro mmeghachi omume bụ nke a:
40. Kedu ka usoro nke isocyanate si emetụta mmeghachi omume nke otu NCO?
A: The electronegativity nke AR otu: ọ bụrụ na R otu bụ electron absorbing otu, eletrọn njupụta n'ígwé ojii nke C atom na -NCO otu dị ala, na ọ bụ ihe ngwa ngwa na ọgụ nke nucleophiles, ya bụ, ya. dị mfe iji mepụta mmeghachi omume nucleophilic na mmanya, amines na ogige ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na R bụ otu ndị na-enye onyinye eletrọn wee bufee ya site na igwe ojii elektrọn, njupụta igwe ojii nke C atom na otu -NCO ga-abawanye, na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị mfe na mwakpo nke nucleophiles, yana ikike mmeghachi omume ya na ogige hydrogen na-arụ ọrụ ga-abawanye. ibelata. B. Mmetụta ntinye: N'ihi na diisocyanate aromatic nwere otu NCO abụọ, mgbe mbụ -NCO gene na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume ahụ, n'ihi mmetụta conjugated nke mgbanaka aromatic, otu -NCO nke na-adịghị etinye aka na mmeghachi omume ga-arụ ọrụ ahụ. nke electron absorbing group, nke mere na ọrụ mmeghachi omume nke mbụ NCO na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, nke bụ mmetụta ntinye. C. mmetụta siri ike: N'ime mkpụrụ ndụ diisocyanate aromatic, ọ bụrụ na otu abụọ -NCO nọ na mgbanaka aromatic n'otu oge, mgbe ahụ mmetụta nke otu NCO na mmeghachi omume nke otu NCO ọzọ na-abụkarị ihe dị ịrịba ama. Otú ọ dị, mgbe otu NCO abụọ dị na mgbanaka aromatic dị iche iche na otu molecule, ma ọ bụ na-ekewa ha site na agbụ hydrocarbon ma ọ bụ mgbanaka aromatic, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha dị ntakịrị, ọ na-ebelata na mmụba nke ogologo nke hydrocarbon yinye ma ọ bụ mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbanaka aromatic.
41. Ụdị nke ogige hydrogen na-arụ ọrụ na NCO reactivity
A: Aliphatic NH2> Aromatic otu Bozui OH> Mmiri> Secondary OH> Phenol OH> Carboxyl otu> Dochiri urea> Amido> Carbamate. (Ọ bụrụ na njupụta igwe ojii nke nucleophilic center dị elu, electronegativity na-esiwanye ike, na mmeghachi omume na isocyanate dị elu ma ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume dị ngwa ngwa; ma ọ bụghị ya, ọrụ ahụ dị ala.)
42. Mmetụta nke ogige hydroxyl na mmeghachi omume ha na isocyanates
A: The reactivity nke nọ n'ọrụ hydrogen ogige (ROH ma ọ bụ RNH2) metụtara Njirimara nke R, mgbe R bụ ihe eletrọn-adọpụ otu (ala electronegativity), o siri ike nyefee hydrogen atọm, na mmeghachi omume n'etiti nọ n'ọrụ hydrogen ogige na NCO siri ike karị; Ọ bụrụ na R bụ ihe ngbanwe nke inye onyinye eletrọn, enwere ike imezi mmeghachi omume nke ogige hydrogen na-arụ ọrụ na NCO.
43. Kedu ihe eji isocyanate mmeghachi omume na mmiri
A: Ọ bụ otu n'ime mmeghachi omume bụ isi na nkwadebe nke ụfụfụ polyurethane. Mmeghachi omume n'etiti ha na-ebu ụzọ mepụta carbamic acid na-adịghị akwụsi ike, nke na-adaba na CO2 na amines, ma ọ bụrụ na isocyanate karịrị, amine nke na-esi na ya pụta na-emeghachi omume na isocyanate iji mepụta urea.
44. N'ime nkwadebe nke polyurethane elastomers, a ghaghị ịchịkwa ọdịnaya mmiri nke polyols polymer.
A: Ọ dịghị egosipụta na-achọrọ na elastomers, mkpuchi na eriri, ya mere a ghaghị ịchịkwa ọdịnaya mmiri dị na akụrụngwa, na-abụkarị ihe na-erughị 0.05%.
45. Ọdịiche dị na mmetụta catalytic nke amine na tin catalysts na mmeghachi omume isocyanate.
A: Tertiary amine catalysts nwere nnukwu catalytic arụmọrụ maka mmeghachi omume nke isocyanate na mmiri, ebe tin catalysts nwere nnukwu catalytic arụmọrụ maka mmeghachi omume nke isocyanate na hydroxyl otu.
46. Gịnị mere a ga-eji na-ewere resin polyurethane dị ka ihe mgbochi polymer, oleekwa ihe e ji mara nke agbụ ígwè?
Azịza: N'ihi na agbụ nke polyurethane resin mejupụtara akụkụ siri ike na nke dị nro, akụkụ ahụ siri ike na-ezo aka n'agbụ nke a na-eme site na mmeghachi omume nke isocyanate, chain extender na crosslinker na isi ihe nke polyurethane molecules, na ìgwè ndị a nwere nnukwu njikọ. ike, ibu ohere ohere na ukwuu siri ike. Akụkụ dị nro na-ezo aka na carbon-carbon main chain polymer polyol, nke nwere ezigbo mgbanwe ma bụrụ akụkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na polyurethane isi yinye.
47. Gịnị bụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ihe onwunwe nke ihe polyurethane?
A: ike nchikota nke otu, hydrogen bond, crystallinity, crosslinking degree, molecular arọ, akụkụ siri ike, akụkụ dị nro.
48. Kedu ihe akụrụngwa bụ akụkụ dị nro na nke siri ike na isi ihe nke polyurethane
A: Akụkụ dị nro bụ nke oligomer polyols (polyester, polyether diols, wdg), na akụkụ siri ike bụ polyisocyanates ma ọ bụ ngwakọta ha na obere ihe ndọtị molecule.
49. Kedu ka akụkụ dị nro na akụkụ siri ike si emetụta njirimara nke ihe polyurethane?
A: Akụkụ dị nro: (1) Ụdị ihe dị arọ nke akụkụ dị nro: na-eche na ịdị arọ nke polyurethane bụ otu ihe ahụ, ọ bụrụ na akụkụ dị nro bụ polyester, ike nke polyurethane ga-abawanye na mmụba nke ịdị arọ nke molekul. polyester diol; Ọ bụrụ na akụkụ dị nro bụ polyether, ike nke polyurethane na-ebelata na mmụba nke ịdị arọ nke polyether diol, ma elongation na-abawanye. (2) Igwe kristal nke akụkụ dị nro: Ọ nwere onyinye dị ukwuu na kristal nke eriri eriri polyurethane linear. N'ozuzu, crystallization bara uru maka imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa polyurethane, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, crystallization na-ebelata obere okpomọkụ mgbanwe nke ihe onwunwe, na crystalline polymer na-emekarị opaque.
Akụkụ siri ike: Akụkụ yinye siri ike na-emetụtakarị ịdị nro na agbaze okpomọkụ na ihe dị elu nke okpomọkụ nke polymer. Polyurethanes nke a kwadebere site na isocyanates aromatic nwere mgbanaka aromatic siri ike, ya mere ike polymer na akụkụ siri ike na-abawanye, na ike ihe na-adịkarị karịa nke aliphatic isocyanate polyurethane, ma iguzogide mmebi ultraviolet adịghị mma, ọ dịkwa mfe ịcha odo. Aliphatic polyurethane adịghị edo edo.
50. Nhazi nke ụfụfụ polyurethane
A: (1) ụfụfụ siri ike na ụfụfụ dị nro, (2) nnukwu njupụta na ụfụfụ dị ala, (3) ụdị polyester, ụdị ụfụfụ polyether, (4) ụdị TDI, MDI ụdị ụfụfụ, (5) ụfụfụ polyurethane na ụfụfụ polyisocyanurate, (6) usoro otu nzọụkwụ na mmepụta usoro prepolymerization, usoro na-aga n'ihu na mmepụta oge, (8) igbochi ụfụfụ na ụfụfụ akpụ akpụ.
51. Mmeghachi omume ndị bụ isi na nkwadebe ụfụfụ
A: Ọ na-ezo aka na mmeghachi omume nke -NCO na -OH, -NH2 na H2O, na mgbe ị na-emeghachi omume na polyols, "mmeghachi omume gel" na usoro ụfụfụ n'ozuzu na-ezo aka na mmeghachi omume nhazi nke carbamate. N'ihi na ihe ọkụkụ nke ụfụfụ na-eji ọtụtụ ihe arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, a na-enweta netwọk na-ejikọta ya, nke na-eme ka usoro ụfụfụ na-agba ọsọ ngwa ngwa.
Mmeghachi omume ụfụfụ na-eme na usoro ụfụfụ na ọnụnọ mmiri. Ihe a na-akpọ "mmeghachi omume ụfụfụ" n'ozuzu na-ezo aka na mmeghachi omume nke mmiri na isocyanate iji mepụta urea dochie anya ma hapụ CO2.
52. Nucleation usoro nke afụ
Akụrụngwa na-emeghachi n'ime mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ dabere na okpomọkụ nke mmeghachi omume na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta gas ma na-emegharị gas. Site na ọganihu nke mmeghachi omume na mmepụta nke nnukwu mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gas na-emepụta ihe na volatility na-abawanye na-aga n'ihu. Mgbe ntinye gas na-abawanye karịa ntinye saturation, afụ na-adịgide adịgide na-amalite ịmalite na usoro ngwọta wee bilie.
53. Ọrụ nke ụfụfụ stabilizer na nkwadebe nke ụfụfụ polyurethane
A: Ọ nwere mmetụta emulsification, nke mere na a na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe ndị dị na ụfụfụ ahụ dịkwuo mma; Mgbe mgbakwunye nke silicone surfactant, n'ihi na ọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu n'elu erughị ala γ nke mmiri mmiri, na-amụba free ike chọrọ maka gas dispersion na-ebelata, nke mere na ikuku chụsasịrị na akụrụngwa na-yikarịrị ka nukleate n'oge agwakọta usoro, nke. na-enye aka na mmepụta nke obere egosipụta ma mee ka nkwụsi ike nke ụfụfụ ahụ dịkwuo mma.
54. Usoro nkwụsi ike nke ụfụfụ
A: Mgbakwunye nke surfactants kwesịrị ekwesị na-enyere aka ịmepụta ezigbo mgbasa nke afụ.
55. Usoro nhazi nke ụfụfụ cell na-emeghe na ụfụfụ cell mechiri emechi
A: Usoro nhazi nke ụfụfụ na-emeghe: N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, mgbe enwere nnukwu nrụgide na afụ ahụ, ike nke mgbidi afụ nke mmeghachi omume gel na-eme adịghị elu, na ihe nkiri mgbidi enweghị ike iguzogide mgbatị ahụ kpatara. site na nrụgide gas na-arị elu, a na-adọta ihe nkiri mgbidi afụ, na gas na-esi na mgbawa ahụ pụta, na-eme ka ụfụfụ na-emeghe-cell.
Usoro nhazi ụfụfụ emechi-emechi: Maka usoro afụ siri ike, n'ihi mmeghachi omume nke polyether polyols na multi-functional na obere molecular arọ na polyisocyanate, gel ọsọ dịtụ ngwa ngwa, na gas na afụ enweghị ike imebi mgbidi afụ. , si otú a na-akpụ ụfụfụ cell mechiri emechi.
56. Usoro ịfụfụ nke onye na-eme ụfụfụ anụ ahụ na onye na-eme ụfụfụ
A: Anụ ahụ na-afụ ụfụ: Onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ bụ ụfụfụ ụfụfụ na-emepụta site na mgbanwe nke ọdịdị anụ ahụ nke ihe ụfọdụ, ya bụ, site na mgbasawanye nke gas abịakọrọ, mgbanwe nke mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ mgbasa nke siri ike.
Ihe na-afụ kemịkalụ: Ihe ndị na-afụ kemịkalụ bụ ogige nke, mgbe okpomọkụ mebiri ya, na-ahapụ gas dị ka carbon dioxide na nitrogen ma na-etolite pores dị mma na ngwakọta polymer.
57. Usoro nkwadebe nke ụfụfụ polyurethane dị nro
A: Otu nzọụkwụ na usoro prepolymer
Usoro Prepolymer: ya bụ, polyether polyol na ngafe TDI mmeghachi omume na-eme ka prepolymer nwere free NCO otu, wee gwakọta ya na mmiri, catalyst, stabilizer, wdg, na-eme ka ụfụfụ. Usoro nke otu nzọụkwụ: A na-agwakọta ngwa ngwa dị iche iche ozugbo n'ime isi agwakọta site na ngụkọta, a na-ejikwa ụfụfụ mee otu nzọụkwụ, nke nwere ike kewaa ya na-aga n'ihu ma na-adịte aka.
58. Ihe e ji mara ụfụfụ kwụ ọtọ na ọfụfụ kwụ ọtọ
Usoro efere nrụgide guzozie eguzozi: nke ejiri mpempe akwụkwọ dị elu na ihe mkpuchi elu mee ihe. Usoro oke mmiri na-ejubiga ókè: nke a na-eji njiri oke mmiri na-ebufe eriri na ebufe eriri ọdịda.
Njirimara ụfụfụ kwụ ọtọ: ị nwere ike iji obere mmiri na-asọba iji nweta nnukwu mpaghara cross-section nke ụfụfụ ụfụfụ, ma na-ejikarị igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-enweta otu akụkụ nke ngọngọ ahụ, ọkwa na-asọpụta bụ 3 ruo 5 ugboro karịa nke vetikal. ịfụfụ; N'ihi nnukwu akụkụ obe nke ngọngọ ụfụfụ, ọ dịghị akpụkpọ anụ dị elu na nke dị ala, na akpụkpọ anụ ahụ dịkwa mkpa, n'ihi ya, a na-ebelata mbelata nke ukwuu. Akụrụngwa na-ekpuchi obere mpaghara, osisi dị elu dị ihe dịka 12 ~ 13m, na ego ntinye ego nke ụlọ ọrụ na akụrụngwa dị ala karịa nke usoro ụfụfụ kwụ ọtọ; Ọ dị mfe iji dochie hopper na ihe nlereanya iji mepụta ahụ ụfụfụ cylindrical ma ọ bụ akụkụ anọ, karịsịa gburugburu ụfụfụ ụfụfụ maka ịkpụ rotary.
59. Isi ihe bụ isi nke nhọrọ akụrụngwa maka nkwadebe ụfụfụ dị nro
A: Polyol: polyether polyol maka nkịtị ngọngọ ụfụfụ, molekul arọ bụ n'ozuzu 3000 ~ 4000, tumadi polyether triol. A na-eji polyether triol nwere ịdị arọ nke 4500 ~ 6000 maka ụfụfụ resilience dị elu. Site na mmụba nke ịdị arọ molekụla, ike nkwụsị, elongation na resilience nke ụfụfụ na-abawanye. Mmeghachi omume nke polyethers yiri ya belatara. Site na mmụba nke ogo ọrụ nke polyether, mmeghachi omume na-adịwanye ngwa ngwa, ogo crosslinking nke polyurethane na-abawanye, ụfụfụ siri ike na-abawanye, na elongation na-ebelata. Isocyanate: The isocyanate raw material of polyurethane soft block foam bụ tumadi toluene diisocyanate (TDI-80). A na-eji obere ọrụ TDI-65 dị ntakịrị mee ihe maka ụfụfụ polyester polyurethane ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ polyether pụrụ iche. Catalyst: Enwere ike kewaa uru catalytic nke nnukwu ụfụfụ dị nro na nkebi abụọ: otu bụ ogige organometallic, caprylate dị egwu bụ nke a na-ejikarị; Ụdị ọzọ bụ amines tertiary, nke a na-ejikarị dị ka dimethylaminoethyl ethers. Foam stabilizer: N'ime polyester polyurethane nnukwu ụfụfụ, ndị na-abụghị silicon surfactants na-ejikarị, na polyether nnukwu ụfụfụ, organosilica-oxidized olefin copolymer na-ejikarị eme ihe. Onye na-emepụta ụfụfụ: N'ozuzu, a na-eji mmiri naanị dị ka onye na-emepụta ụfụfụ mgbe njupụta nke polyurethane soft block bubbles karịrị 21 n'arọ kwa cubic mita; A na-eji ogige ndị na-esi mmiri dị ala dị ka methylene chloride (MC) mee ihe dị ka ihe inyeaka na-afụ ụfụ naanị n'ụdị njupụta dị ala.
60. Mmetụta nke ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe anụ ahụ nke ngọngọ foams
A: Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ: mmeghachi omume ụfụfụ nke polyurethane na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo elu ka okpomọkụ ihe onwunwe na-ebili, nke ga-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke isi na-ere ọkụ na ọkụ na nhazi nhazi. Mmetụta nke iru mmiri nke ikuku: Site na mmụba nke iru mmiri, n'ihi mmeghachi omume nke otu isocyanate na ụfụfụ na mmiri na ikuku, ike nke ụfụfụ na-ebelata na elongation na-abawanye. Ike ike nke ụfụfụ na-abawanye na mmụba nke otu urea. Mmetụta nke nrụgide ikuku: Maka otu usoro ahụ, mgbe ị na-afụ ụfụfụ na elu elu, njupụta na-ebelata nke ukwuu.
61. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti akụrụngwa akụrụngwa eji maka oyi kpụrụ adụ ụfụfụ na-ekpo ọkụ kpụrụ ụfụfụ.
A: The akụrụngwa eji na oyi na-akpụzi ịkpụzi nwere nnukwu reactivity, na ọ dịghị mkpa maka mpụga kpo oku n'oge ọgwụgwọ, na-adabere na okpomọkụ eme site na usoro, ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume nwere ike ihu ọma dechara na a obere oge, na ebu nwere ike. a ga-ahapụ ya n'ime nkeji ole na ole ka ịgbanye ngwa ngwa. The akụrụngwa reactivity nke na-ekpo ọkụ na-akpụzi ụfụfụ dị ala, na mmeghachi omume ngwakọta kwesịrị ka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ọnụ na ebu mgbe ụfụfụ na ebu, na ụfụfụ ngwaahịa nwere ike hapụ mgbe ọ zuru ezu matured na mmiri ọwa.
62. Kedu ihe e ji mara ụfụfụ dị nro na-atụ oyi ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụfụfụ na-ekpo ọkụ
A: ① Usoro mmepụta anaghị achọ okpomọkụ dị n'èzí, nwere ike ịchekwa ọtụtụ okpomọkụ; ② Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke sag (mmebi mkpokọta), arụmọrụ nkasi obi dị mma; ③ Ọnụego nlọghachi dị elu; ④ ụfụfụ na-enweghị ire ọkụ nwekwara ụfọdụ ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ; ⑤ Ogologo mmepụta okirikiri, nwere ike ịchekwa ebu, chekwaa ọnụ ahịa.
63. Njirimara na ojiji nke afụ dị nro na afụ siri ike n'otu n'otu
A: Njirimara nke afụ dị nro: Ọdịdị cell nke polyurethane soft bubbles na-abụkarị oghe. N'ozuzu, ọ nwere obere njupụta, ezigbo mgbake mgbake, ụda ụda, ikuku ikuku, nchekwa ọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ. A na-eji ya eme ihe: A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka arịa ụlọ, ihe nkuchi, ihe mkpuchi oche ụgbọ ala, ihe dị iche iche dị nro na-edozi ihe ndị mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụfụfụ obodo dị ka ihe nzacha, ihe mkpuchi ụda, ihe na-egosi ujo, ihe ịchọ mma, ihe nkwakọba ihe. na ihe mkpuchi ọkụ.
Njirimara nke ụfụfụ siri ike: ụfụfụ polyurethane nwere ịdị arọ dị arọ, ike dị elu dị elu na nkwụsi ike akụkụ dị mma; Ọrụ mkpuchi ọkụ nke polyurethane siri ike ụfụfụ dị elu. Ike nrapado siri ike; Ezigbo ịka nká, ogologo ndụ ọrụ adiabatic; Ngwakọta mmeghachi omume nwere ezigbo mmiri mmiri ma nwee ike mejupụta oghere ma ọ bụ oghere nke ọdịdị dị mgbagwoju anya nke ọma. Ihe eji eme ihe nke polyurethane siri ike na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ dị elu, nwere ike nweta ọgwụgwọ ngwa ngwa, ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ dị elu na mmepụta oke na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Na-eji: Ejiri ya dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka refrjiraeto, friza, ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ, nchekwa oyi, pipeline mmanụ na mmiri ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, mgbidi ụlọ na mkpuchi ụlọ, mkpuchi mkpuchi Sanwichi, wdg.
64. Isi ihe nke siri ike afụ usoro imewe
A: Polyols: polyether polyols eji mee ihe na-emepụta ụfụfụ siri ike na-abụkarị ike dị elu, uru hydroxyl dị elu (obere molecular arọ) polypropylene oxide polyols; Isocyanate: Ka ọ dị ugbu a, isocyanate a na-eji eme ihe siri ike bụ polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (nke a na-akpọkarị PAPI), ya bụ, MDI crude na polymerized MDI; Ndị na-afụ ọkụ: (1) Onye na-afụ ọkụ CFC (2) HCFC na HFC na-efe efe (3) onye na-efe efe pentane (4) mmiri; Foam stabilizer: The foam stabilizer eji maka polyurethane siri ike ụfụfụ n'ozuzu bụ ihe mgbochi polymer nke polydimethylsiloxane na polyoxolefin. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ ihe na-eme ka ụfụfụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụdị Si-C; Onye na-eme ihe: Ihe na-eme ka ihe na-emepụta afụ siri ike bụ nke kachasị amine, na organotin catalyst nwere ike iji mee ihe n'oge pụrụ iche; Ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ: Dị ka ihe achọrọ na mkpa nke ojiji dị iche iche nke ngwaahịa polyurethane siri ike, ihe na-egbochi ọkụ, ihe mmeghe, ndị na-egbochi anwụrụ ọkụ, ndị na-egbochi ịka nká, ihe mgbochi mildew, ndị na-eme ihe ike na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgbakwunye na usoro ahụ.
65. Dum akpụkpọ ịkpụzi ụfụfụ ụkpụrụ ụkpụrụ
A: ụfụfụ akpụkpọ anụ (ISF), nke a makwaara dị ka ụfụfụ akpụkpọ anụ (self skinning foam), bụ ụfụfụ rọba nke na-emepụta akpụkpọ anụ nke ya n'oge a na-emepụta ya.
66. Njirimara na ojiji nke polyurethane microporous elastomers
A: Àgwà: polyurethane elastomer bụ ihe mgbochi polymer, n'ozuzu mejupụtara oligomer polyol na-agbanwe ogologo yinye adụ akụkụ, diisocyanate na yinye extender na-etolite a siri ike nkebi, ike akụkụ na nro nke ọzọ ndokwa, na-eme a ugboro ugboro structural unit. Na mgbakwunye na ịnwe otu amonia ester, polyurethane nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen n'ime na n'etiti ụmụ irighiri ihe, na akụkụ dị nro na nke siri ike nwere ike ịmepụta mpaghara microphase ma mepụta microphase nkewa.
67. Kedu ihe bụ isi njirimara arụmọrụ nke polyurethane elastomers
A: Njirimara arụmọrụ: 1, ike dị elu na ịdị arọ, nwere ike ịdị n'ụdị siri ike (Shaw A10 ~ Shaw D75) iji nọgide na-enwe ike dị elu; N'ozuzu, enwere ike nweta ike dị ala achọrọ na-enweghị plasticizer, ya mere ọ dịghị nsogbu ọ bụla nke ịkwaga plasticizer kpatara; 2, n'okpuru otu ike ahụ, ikike ibu dị elu karịa ndị ọzọ elastomers; 3, nkwụsi ike na-eyi nke ọma, nkwụsi ike ya bụ 2 ruo 10 ugboro nke roba eke; 4. Ezigbo mmanu na nguzogide kemịkalụ; Polyurethane radieshon na-esi ísì ụtọ; Ezigbo ikuku oxygen na nguzogide ozone; 5, mmetụta dị elu na-eguzogide, ezigbo ike ọgwụgwụ na nkwụsi ike, nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka ngwa ngwa mgbanwe dị elu; 6, obere okpomọkụ mgbanwe dị mma; 7, polyurethane nkịtị enweghị ike iji n'elu 100 ℃, ma ojiji nke pụrụ iche usoro nwere ike idi 140 ℃ elu okpomọkụ; 8, ọnụ ahịa ịkpụzi na nhazi dị ntakịrị.
68. Polyurethane elastomers na-nkewa dị ka polyols, isocyanates, mmepụta usoro, wdg
A: 1. Dị ka akụrụngwa nke oligomer polyol, polyurethane elastomers nwere ike kewaa n'ime ụdị polyester, ụdị polyether, ụdị polyolefin, ụdị polycarbonate, wdg. 2. Dị ka ọdịiche nke diisocyanate si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya na aliphatic na aromatic elastomer, ma kewaa ya n'ụdị TDI, ụdị MDI, ụdị IPDI, ụdị NDI na ụdị ndị ọzọ; Site na usoro mmepụta ihe, a na-ekewa elastomer polyurethane ụzọ atọ: ụdị nkedo (CPU), thermoplasticity (TPU) na ụdị ngwakọta (MPU).
69. Gịnị bụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ihe onwunwe nke polyurethane elastomers site n'echiche nke usoro ihe omimi?
A: Site n'echiche nke ihe owuwu molecular, polyurethane elastomer bụ ihe mgbochi polymer, n'ozuzu nke mejupụtara oligomer polyols na-agbanwe ogologo yinye dị nro, diisocyanate na yinye ihe ndọtị iji mepụta akụkụ siri ike, akụkụ siri ike na akụkụ dị nro ọzọ nhazi, na-eme usoro ugboro ugboro. nhazi unit. Na mgbakwunye na ịnwe otu amonia ester, polyurethane nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen n'ime na n'etiti ụmụ irighiri ihe, na akụkụ dị nro na nke siri ike nwere ike ịmepụta mpaghara microphase ma mepụta microphase nkewa. Njirimara nhazi ndị a na-eme ka polyurethane elastomers nwee ezigbo nguzogide na ike siri ike, nke a maara dị ka "roba na-eguzogide uwe".
70. Performance ọdịiche dị n'etiti nkịtị polyester ụdị na polytetrahydrofuran ether ụdị elastomers.
A: Polyester molecules nwere ọtụtụ polar ester otu (-COO-), nke nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ intramolecular hydrogen siri ike, ya mere polyester polyurethane nwere ike dị elu, na-eyi nguzogide na mgbochi mmanụ.
Elastomer nke a kwadebere site na polyether polyols nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike hydrolysis, nguzogide ihu igwe, mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị ala na nguzogide ebu. Isi mmalite edemede/Nchọpụta mmụta mmụta polymer
Oge nzipu: Jan-17-2024